51 resources

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  Confederate Military History: a library of Confederate States history, in twelve volumes, written by distinguished men of the South (Vol. 3)
  One of 12 volumes TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Virginia in 1860—Her Seven Grand Divisions—Geological Characteristics, Climate and Agricultural Products—Her Population—Political and Historical Importance ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER II. Slavery in Virginia—The Agitation of the Slavery Question—Distribution of Slaves in the State—John Brown's Invasion ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER III. From John Brown's Execution to the Federal Invasion—The Election of President Lincoln—Meeting of the Virginia Convention—Governor Letcher's Reply to the Call for Troops—Seizure of Harper's Ferry—Union with the Confederate States ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER IV. The Plan of Invasion—Northwestern Virginia—Grafton, Philippi and Rich Mountain—May to July, 1861 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43 CHAPTER V. The First Kanawha Valley Campaign, April to July, 1861 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 57 CHAPTER VI. The First Shenandoah Valley Campaign, April to July, 1861 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 63 CHAPTER VII. The Bull Run, or Manassas, Campaign, January to July, 1861 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 91 CHAPTER VIII. Operations about Norfolk and Yorktown—Battle of Big Bethel—Burning of Hampton ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 123 CHAPTER IX. The Tygart's Valley and Cheat Mountain Campaign—Battle of Greenbrier River, or Camp Bartow—Battle of Alleghany Mountain ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 152 CHAPTER X. Operations along the Potomac—From First Manassas to Battle of Leesburg ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 178 CHAPTER XI. Battle of Leesburg—Operations on the Lower Potomac and East Shore—Action at Dranesville ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 187 CHAPTER XII. Stonewall Jackson's Romney Campaign ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 197 CHAPTER XIII. Review of Military Conditions, Spring of 1862 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 208 CHAPTER XIV. Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 214 CHAPTER XV. The Peninsula Campaign of 1862—Yorktown, Williamsburg and Seven Pines ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 269 CHAPTER XVI. The Seven Days' Battles before Richmond ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 281 CHAPTER XVII. Stonewall Jackson's Cedar Run Campaign ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 304 CHAPTER XVIII. Lee's Campaign against Pope in Northern Virginia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 315 CHAPTER XIX. The Maryland Campaign against McClellan ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 335 CHAPTER XX. The Fredericksburg Campaign ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 360 CHAPTER XXI. The Chancellorsville Campaign and Death of Jackson ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 375 CHAPTER XXII. The Campaign in Pennsylvania ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 395 CHAPTER XXIII. The Autumn and Winter Campaigns of 1863 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 423 CHAPTER XXIV. The Wilderness Campaign against Grant ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 431 CHAPTER XXV. The Battles of Spottsylvania Court House—The Defeat of Sigel and Butler ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 445 CHAPTER XXVI. The Maneuvers on the North Anna River ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 458 CHAPTER XXVII. The Richmond Campaign of 1864 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 463 CHAPTER XXVIII. Early's Lynchburg and Valley Campaigns ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 476 CHAPTER XXIX. The Siege of Petersburg ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 516 CHAPTER XXX. Closing Events in Southwest Virginia and the Valley ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 539 CHAPTER XXXI. The Appomattox Campaign and Lee's Surrender ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 546 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 558 BIOGRAPHICAL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 573 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Anderson, Joseph R. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Armistead, Lewis A. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Army of Virginia, Position of Troops, Aug. 27, 1862 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 321 Ashby, Turner ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Barton, Seth M. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Beale, Richard L. T. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Bethel, Battle of (Map) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 136 Chambliss, John R. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Chancellorsville, Salem Church and Fredericksburg (Map of) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Between pages 384 and 385 Chilton, Robert H. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Cocke, P. St. George. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Colston, Raleigh E. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Corse, Montgomery D. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Dearing, James. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 DeLagnel, Julius A. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Echols, John ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 576 Floyd, John B. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Fredericksburg, Map of Battle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 369 Garland, Samuel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Garnett, Richard B. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Garnett, Robert S. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Gettysburg, Map of Battlefield ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 416 Harris, David B. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Heth, Henry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Hotchkiss, Jed ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Hunton, Eppa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Imboden, John D. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Jackson, William L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Jenkins, Albert G. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Johnson, Edward ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Jones, John M. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Jones, John R. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Jones, Samuel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Jones, William E. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Jordan, Thomas ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Kemper, James L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Lee, Edwin G. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Lee, Fitzhugh ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Lee, George W. C. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Lee, William H. F. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Lilley, R. D. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Lomax, Lunsford L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Long, Armistead L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 McCausland, John ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Magruder, John B. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Mahone, William ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Manassas, Map of First Battle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Between pages 96 and  97 Maury, Dabney H. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Mechanicsville and Cold Harbor, Map of Battlefield. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 288 Moore, Patrick T. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Munford, Thomas T. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Page, Richard L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Paxton, Elisha P. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Payne, William H. F. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Pegram, John ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Pendleton, William N. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Pickett, George E. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Pryor, Roger A. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Reynolds, Alexander W. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Richmond and Petersburg. (Map of) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Between pages 528 and 529 Robertson, Beverly H. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Rosser, Thomas L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Ruggles, Daniel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Slaughter, James E. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Smith, William ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Starke, William E. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Stevenson, Carter L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Stevens, Walter H. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Stuart, James E. B. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Taliaferro, William B. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Terrill, James B. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Terry, William ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 674 Virginia, Map of Battlefields. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Between pages 572 and 573 Walker, Henry H. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Walker, James A. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610 Walker, R. Lindsay ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Weisiger, Daniel A. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 658 Wharton, G. C. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 642 Wickham, Williams C. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 626 Wilderness and Spottsylvania, Maps of Battles ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 440 Winchester, Battle of (Map of Route to) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 240 Wise, Henry A. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 610
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  One of Jackson's Foot Cavalry; his experience and what he saw during the war 1861-1865, including a history of "F company," Richmond, Va., 21st regiment Virginia infantry, Second brigade, Jackson's division, Second corps, A. N. Va.
  21st Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  History of the Seventeenth Virginia infantry, C.S.A
  17th Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  The Story of a Confederate Boy in the Civil War
  7th Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  Four Years a Soldier
  7th Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  Reminiscences of a Rebel
  47th Virginia Infantry, 40th Virginia Infantry
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  Memoirs of the Civil War between the northern and southern sections of the United States of America, 1861-1865
  6th Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  Reminiscences of the War of 1861-1865
  12th Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  War Talks of Confederate Veterans
  12th Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  History of the Ninth Virginia Cavalry, in the War Between the States
  9th Virginia Cavalry Written in 1865; found among the author's papers after his death. (Introductory note)
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  A Lieutenant of Cavalry in Lee's army
  George William Beale was born into the Virginia nobility, son of Richard Lee Beale, who served in the House of Representatives and Congress for that state before the Civil War. He followed his father into the Confederate cavalry, 9th Virginia when the Civil War began. His well-written and compelling memoirs document his time with JEB Stuart and Hampton across most of the Eastern Theater of the Civil War. He participated in engagements during the Maryland Campaign, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Gettysburg, The Kilpatrick-Dahlgren raid, and Spotsylvania. His active career was cut short in February 1865 when he was badly wounded.
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  Bull run to Bull run; or, Four years in the army of northern Virginia. Containing a detailed account of the career and adventures of the Baylor Light Horse, Company B, Twelfth Virginia Cavalry, C. S. A., with leaves from my scrap-book
  12th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
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  The Army of Northern Virginia in 1862
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  War History of the Old First Virginia Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia
  1st Virginia Infantry Regiment
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  Previous to Antietam. Rebels crossing the Potomac. Union scouts in foreground
  - Signed lower right: Alf. R. Waud. - Title inscribed below image. - References: Ray, plate 30. - Gift, J.P. Morgan, 1919 - Reference print available in the Civil War Drawings file 1862. - Reference print available in Ray, Plate 30 (p. 107) - Forms part of: Morgan collection of Civil War drawings.
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  The memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby
  43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion
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  The history of the Bedford Light Artillery
  Bedford Light Artillery
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  A record of events in Norfolk County, Virginia, from April 19th, 1861, to May 10th, 1862, with a history of the soldiers and sailors of Norfolk County, Norfolk City and Portsmouth, who served in the Confederate States army or navy
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  Sketch of Page's Battery, or Morris Artillery, 2d Corps, Army Northern Virginia / by one of the company
  Morris' Louisa (VA) Artillery
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  A brief history of the military career of Carpenter's battery, from its organization as a rifle company under the name of Alleghany Roughs to the ending of the war between the states
  Carpenter's Battery
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  Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847-1865
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  "Where men only dare to go!" or, The story of a boy company (C.S.A.)
  Parker's Richmond Battery
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  The life and campaigns of Major-General J. E. B. Stuart : commander of the cavalry of the Army of northern Virginia
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  Three years in the Confederate horse artillery
  Chew’s Battery
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  The story of a cannoneer under Stonewall Jackson
  1st Rockbridge Artillery
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  From Bull Run to Appomattox; a boy's view
  6th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
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  Richmond Howitzers in the war : four years campaigning with the Army of Northern Virginia
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  The life of Stonewall Jackson. From official papers, contemporary narratives, and personal acquaintance
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  Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Jackson
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  Stonewall Jackson: a military biography
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  Four years with General Lee; being a summary of the more important events touching the career of General Robert E. Lee, in the war between the States: together with an authoritative statement of the strength of the army which he commanded in the field
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  A history of the Laurel brigade, originally the Ashby cavalry of the Army of northern Virginia and Chew's battery
  7th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
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  Lieutenant General Jubal Anderson Early, C.S.A. Autobiographical sketch and narrative of the war between the states
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  Sketches of the life of Captain Hugh A. White of the Stonewall Brigade
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  Brigadier General Lewis A. Armistead
  Brigadier General Lewis Addison Armistead "Lo" (1817 - 1863) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY Command Billet: Brigade Commander Branch of Service: Infantry Unit: Armistead's Brigade On the Campaign-At Sharpsburg "Armistead saw limited action. In early September, while serving in the Confederate division commanded by Major General Richard H. Anderson, Armistead was appointed Provost Marshal of the Army of Northern Virginia. He served on this assignment until September 26, 1862, and from all accounts, his brigade remained with him as his guard for the task." "Brought in at Sharpsburg, his brigade arrived on the field on the morning of September 17, but instead of joining their division near the sunken road were held back in support of McLaw's Division near the Dunker Church. Here the troops of the Union Second Army Corps had been beaten off, and Armistead's men were needed to shore up the Confederate defenses in the area. Uncomfortable at being held in reserve, Armistead stood in front of the brigade anxiously awaiting the call for battle. Incredibly, a stray cannon ball rolled over the hill and struck him on the foot, thereby putting him out of action. Although not seriously injured he was compelled to relinquish his command to Colonel James G. Hodges and leave the field."
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  Roger Atkinson Pryor, 1828-1919
  Brigadier General Roger Atkinson Pryor (1828 - 1919) Home State: Virginia Command Billet: Brigade Commander Branch of Service: Infantry Unit: Pryor's Brigade On the Campaign-He commanded Pryor's Brigade in Anderson's Division in Longstreet's Command and assumed command of the Division when MGen Anderson was severely wounded coming up to the Sunken Road on the morning of the 17th.
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  Brig. Gen. Richard Brooke Garnett, ca. 1817-1863, head and shoulders, facing right.
  Brigadier General Richard Brooke Garnett (1817 - 1863) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1841 Command Billet: Brigade Commander Branch of Service: Infantry Unit: Pickett's (Garnett's) Brigade On the Campaign-He commanded Pickett's Brigade in Jones' Division.
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  William Nelson Pendleton, 1809-1883
  Brigadier General William Nelson Pendleton (1808 - 1883) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1830 Command Billet: Chief of Artillery Branch of Service: Artillery Unit: Army of Northern Virginia On the Campaign-He served Gen Lee as his Chief of Artillery and commanded the army's Reserve Artillery. He was ill for most of the Campaign, but remained at his post. He was in personal command of the remaining elements of the Reserve guarding the Potomac fords—chiefly at Boteler's—during the action of 17 September. He was the rear guard of the Army at Shepherdstown on 19 and 20 September, where he was attacked and routed by elements of the Federal V Corps. All but four of his guns and the position opposite the Ford were regained on the return of A. P. Hill's Division.
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  Gen. Fitzhugh Lee C.S.A.
  Brigadier General Fitzhugh Lee (1835 - 1905) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1856;Class Rank: 45/49 Command Billet: Brigade Commander Branch of Service: Cavalry Unit: Lee's Brigade On the Campaign-He commanded his Brigade in J.E.B. Stuart's Cavalry Division in Maryland.
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  Confederate General Jubal Early, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front
  Brigadier General Jubal Anderson Early (1816 - 1894) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1837 Command Billet: Brigade Commander Branch of Service: Infantry Unit: Early's Brigade On the Campaign-In command of Early's (Elzey's) Brigade/Ewell's Division in Jackson's Command and then relieved the wounded BGen. Alexander R. Lawton in command of the Division.
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  Ambrose Powell Hill, 1825-1865
  Major General Ambrose Powell Hill (1825 - 1865) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1847 Command Billet: Commanding Division Branch of Service: Infantry Unit: A. P. Hill's Light Division On the Campaign-Commanded A. P. Hill's Light Division in Jackson's Command. He brought his unit up from the capture of Harper's Ferry beginning very early on Sept 17. His advance units and artillery arrived on the Southern portion of the battlefield on the Harpers Ferry Road at about 4pm. At Lee's direction, General Hill immediately launched them at the left flank of the Federal IX Corps then approaching the edge of Sharpsburg, and with other units, drove the Federal force back to the heights above the Lower Bridge to end the Battle. For details about his activities you might also like to see his Official Report about the campaign.
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  Lieutenant General Ambrose Powell Hill of the 13th Virginia Infantry Regiment and Confederate States Infantry Regiment in uniform] / Vannerson & Jones, photographers, 77 Main Street, Richmond, Va.
  Major General Ambrose Powell Hill (1825 - 1865) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1847 Command Billet: Commanding Division Branch of Service: Infantry Unit: A. P. Hill's Light Division On the Campaign-Commanded A. P. Hill's Light Division in Jackson's Command. He brought his unit up from the capture of Harper's Ferry beginning very early on Sept 17. His advance units and artillery arrived on the Southern portion of the battlefield on the Harpers Ferry Road at about 4pm. At Lee's direction, General Hill immediately launched them at the left flank of the Federal IX Corps then approaching the edge of Sharpsburg, and with other units, drove the Federal force back to the heights above the Lower Bridge to end the Battle. For details about his activities you might also like to see his Official Report about the campaign.
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  Stonewall Jackson
  Major General Thomas Jonathan Jackson "Stonewall" (1824 - 1863) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1846;Class Rank: 17/59 Command Billet: Wing (Corps) Commander Branch of Service: Artillery Unit: Jackson's Command On the Campaign-He led his Wing of the Army of Northern Virginia at Harpers Ferry and Sharpsburg.
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  Stonewall Jackson / A. B. Walter, eng.
  Major General Thomas Jonathan Jackson "Stonewall" (1824 - 1863) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1846;Class Rank: 17/59 Command Billet: Wing (Corps) Commander Branch of Service: Artillery Unit: Jackson's Command On the Campaign-He led his Wing of the Army of Northern Virginia at Harpers Ferry and Sharpsburg.
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  Robert Edward Lee
  General Robert Edward Lee (1807 - 1870) Home State: Virginia Education: US Military Academy, West Point, NY, Class of 1829;Class Rank: 2 Command Billet: Commanding General, ANV Branch of Service: Cavalry Unit: Army of Northern Virginia On the Campaign-In command of the Confederate Army of Northern VA (ANV), General Lee was the on-scene leader.
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  Johnny Reb and Billy Yank
  Private Alexander Hunter (1843 - 1914) Home State: Virginia Branch of Service: Infantry Unit: 17th Virginia Infantry On the Campaign-He was captured in action at Sharpsburg on 17 September 1862.
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  History of the Ninth Virginia cavalry, in the war between the states
  9th Virginia Cavalry Regimen
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  Memorial, Virginia military institute. Biographical sketches of the graduates and élèves of the Virginia military institue who fell during the war between the states
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  A history of Rockingham County, Virginia
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  A lieutenant of cavalry in Lee's army
  George William Beale was born into the Virginia nobility, son of Richard Lee Beale, who served in the House of Representatives and Congress for that state before the Civil War. He followed his father into the Confederate cavalry, 9th Virginia when the Civil War began. His well-written and compelling memoirs document his time with JEB Stuart and Hampton across most of the Eastern Theater of the Civil War. He participated in engagements during the Maryland Campaign, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Gettysburg, The Kilpatrick-Dahlgren raid, and Spotsylvania. His active career was cut short in February 1865 when he was badly wounded.
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  The War; "Stonewall" Jackson, His Campaigns, and Battles, the Regiment as I Saw Them
  37 Virginia Regiment